efficacy of sodium hypochlorite activated with laser in intracanal smear layer removal: an sem study

introduction: the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite activated with laser in removing of the smear layer in the apical, middle, and coronal segments of root canal walls by scanning electron microscopy analysis. methods: sixty single-rooted human mandibular teeth were decoronated to a standardized length. the samples were prepared by using race rotary system to size 40, 0.04 taper and divided into 4 equal groups (n = 15). group 1, irrigated with edta 17% and 5.25% naocl, groups 2, 3 and 4, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% naocl activated with nd:yag laser, respectively. teeth were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscope (sem). data were analyzed by kruskal-wallis, mann-whitney tests. p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. results: five percent naocl lai (laser-activated irrigation) showed best smear layer removal in test groups and the difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.001). control group (edta 17% and 5.25% naocl irrigation) showed significantly better outcomes in comparative with test groups ( p < 0.001). in the apical third, compared to coronal and middle third, the canal walls were often contaminated by inorganic debris and smear layer. conclusion: all different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite activated with laser have a positive effect on removing of smear layer. sodium hypochlorite activated with laser removed smear layer more effectively at the coronal and middle third compared to the apical third.